This SQL Course will provide learners with the necessary skills to work with relational databases, write advanced SQL queries, and optimize database performance. By the end of the course, students will be able to efficiently manage, manipulate, and analyze data in professional environments.

Module 1: Introduction to SQL and Databases

• Lesson 1.1: What is SQL?

  • Overview of SQL (Structured Query Language)
  • Importance and use of SQL in database management
  • Relational Databases: Tables, Rows, and Columns
  • Introduction to Database Management Systems (DBMS): MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQL Server, SQLite

• Lesson 1.2: Setting Up and Connecting to a Database

  • Installing SQL databases (MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite)
  • Connecting to a database using SQL Clients (e.g., MySQL Workbench, pgAdmin, SQL Server Management Studio)
  • Basic database operations (Create, Read, Update, Delete – CRUD)

• Lesson 1.3: Database Design and Structure

  • Understanding tables, primary keys, foreign keys, and constraints
  • Normalization: 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, and BCNF
  • Entity-Relationship (ER) diagrams and their role in database design

Module 2: Basic SQL Queries

• Lesson 2.1: Retrieving Data with SELECT

  • Basic SELECT statement
  • Selecting specific columns (SELECT column_name)
  • Using DISTINCT to remove duplicates
  • Limiting results with LIMIT (or TOP in SQL Server)

• Lesson 2.2: Filtering Data with WHERE

  • Using comparison operators: =, <, >, <=, >=, <> (Not Equal)
  • Logical operators: AND, OR, NOT
  • Pattern matching with LIKE
  • Range filtering with BETWEEN
  • Null values filtering with IS NULL and IS NOT NULL

• Lesson 2.3: Sorting Data with ORDER BY

  • Sorting results in ascending (ASC) and descending (DESC) order
  • Sorting by multiple columns

Module 3: Aggregate Functions and Grouping Data

• Lesson 3.1: Aggregate Functions

  • Using COUNT(), SUM(), AVG(), MIN(), MAX()
  • Applying aggregate functions on numeric and text columns

• Lesson 3.2: Grouping Data with GROUP BY

  • Basic usage of GROUP BY
  • Grouping data by one or more columns
  • Using aggregate functions with GROUP BY

• Lesson 3.3: Filtering Groups with HAVING

  • Using HAVING to filter results after aggregation
  • Difference between WHERE and HAVING

Module 4: Joining Tables

• Lesson 4.1: Introduction to Joins

  • What are joins? Why are they important in relational databases?
  • Types of joins: Inner Join, Left Join, Right Join, Full Join

• Lesson 4.2: Inner Join

  • Performing INNER JOIN between two tables
  • Using aliases for tables in joins
  • Joining multiple tables

• Lesson 4.3: Outer Joins

  • Left Join (LEFT OUTER JOIN): Retrieving all records from the left table
  • Right Join (RIGHT OUTER JOIN): Retrieving all records from the right table
  • Full Join (FULL OUTER JOIN): Retrieving all records from both tables

• Lesson 4.4: Self Joins and Cross Joins

  • Understanding self-joins (joining a table to itself)
  • Using CROSS JOIN for Cartesian products

Module 5: Advanced SQL Queries

• Lesson 5.1: Subqueries

  • What is a subquery and how it works
  • Using subqueries in SELECT, WHERE, and FROM clauses
  • Correlated vs. non-correlated subqueries

• Lesson 5.2: Set Operations

  • Using UNION, UNION ALL, INTERSECT, and EXCEPT
  • The difference between UNION and UNION ALL
  • Combining results from multiple queries

• Lesson 5.3: Case Expressions

  • Using CASE for conditional logic within SQL queries
  • Nested CASE statements for complex logic

Module 6: Data Modification

• Lesson 6.1: Inserting Data with INSERT INTO

  • Inserting single and multiple records into a table
  • Inserting data with subqueries

• Lesson 6.2: Updating Data with UPDATE

  • Modifying existing data with the UPDATE statement
  • Using WHERE to filter the rows to be updated
  • Best practices for safe updates (e.g., using transactions)

• Lesson 6.3: Deleting Data with DELETE

  • Deleting rows using the DELETE statement
  • Using WHERE to delete specific rows
  • Understanding the difference between DELETE and TRUNCATE

Module 7: Data Definition and Constraints

• Lesson 7.1: Creating Tables

  • Basic CREATE TABLE syntax
  • Specifying column data types and constraints

• Lesson 7.2: Constraints in SQL

  • Defining primary keys, foreign keys, and unique constraints
  • Using NOT NULL, CHECK, DEFAULT constraints
  • Understanding referential integrity

• Lesson 7.3: Modifying Tables

  • Altering a table using ALTER TABLE (adding, modifying, and deleting columns)
  • Renaming tables and columns

• Lesson 7.4: Dropping Tables and Databases

  • Using DROP TABLE and DROP DATABASE safely
  • Understanding the implications of dropping tables

Module 8: Advanced Database Design

• Lesson 8.1: Normalization and Denormalization

  • The need for normalization: 1NF, 2NF, 3NF
  • Dealing with complex relationships and tables
  • Denormalization and its use cases

• Lesson 8.2: Views

  • Creating and managing views
  • Using views for abstraction and security
  • Updating data through views (updatable vs non-updatable views)

• Lesson 8.3: Triggers

  • What are triggers? Types of triggers (BEFORE, AFTER, INSTEAD OF)
  • Creating triggers for data modification and integrity enforcement
  • Using triggers for auditing and logging changes